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People are enjoying foods of food trucks which are run in Seoul Bamdokkaebi Night Market. |
/Photograph by Kim Ji-seun |
Nowadays, it is easy to find trucks with various kinds of food on the street, called food
trucks. A massive number of food trucks are situated in places where many a person is
visiting such as university areas, several university campus festivals, and manifold local
festivals. Such phenomenon is not only restricted to a certain region, but almost to every part
of Korea. With the increasing number of food trucks, it affects various things in positive ways
such as creating a new form of culture.
Continuous expansion of the food truck industry
Food trucks are large vehicles equipped with materials to cook and sell food. Their kitchens
have to meet specific standards: more than 1.5 meters high and more than 0.5 square meters
wide. It seems to be similar to cart bars in the way that they also sell food. However, food
trucks are clearly different from the existing Korean cart bars. While cart bars mainly sell
alcoholic beverages and flour based food, food trucks offer numerous sorts of food which are
based on different regions of Korea with unique features. Since the products are related to
regional specific characteristics, not only the citizens but also the Korean government has a
positive outlook toward food trucks. Plus, food trucks have their distinct characteristic:
mobility.
With such positive attitude about food trucks, the government legalized the operation of
food trucks in several specific areas as a part of regulatory form policy in September 2014.
Thanks to the regulatory rule, the number of food trucks in Korea has grown significantly:
from three food trucks in March 2015 to 184 in April 2016. In addition, the government is
trying to encourage food trucks to be allowed in every place possible. However, in recent
days, due to some conflicts with local merchants, food trucks are given permission to manage
in particular areas or during certain festival periods only. Despite the restriction, they
constantly reveal their potential in many ways.
Food trucks preparing strengths: small capital required and special food
Food trucks can be started with smaller capital than other setups. Particularly, unlike a
restaurant, a person who manages a food truck does not need a place to open a new store.
Instead, he or she only needs to buy a truck, which might be cheaper than renting or buying
a building for a restaurant. Therefore, it can save a huge amount of capital by being free
from renting fees. Moreover, since food trucks can be operated with a small number of
employees, they require minimal labor costs as well. Low rents and labor costs enable the
person managing food trucks to invest more money in food. Consequently, food trucks are
feasible to sell food, which might be expensive in restaurants, to consumers with only 6,000
won to 8,000 won. That is, they let consumers eat food in a very low price.
Not only can consumers enjoy the food with a very cheap price but also new and unique
dishes are created by owners of the trucks. This means that while running food trucks, many
owners or chefs of food trucks create their own new recipes. With the invented recipes, they
set their sights on a blue ocean market which is promising and less competitive. For example,
it is possible to consume “RisoTeok,” a fusion food combined with risotto and Tteokbokki
(Stir fried Rice Cake), in Seoul Bamdokkaebi Night Market which consists a number of food
trucks that also furnish other fresh types of food.
Food trucks serving as the groundwork for new start-ups
With those features, food trucks are useful not only for consumers but also for youths who
want to establish their own companies. Only with a small amount of capital, food trucks
provide a chance to set up to everyone. In the case of “Churro story,” which is a franchise
food truck, it can be started with only about four million won, while generally new setups,
such as cafes and restaurants, need at least 30 million won. This is because only one person
can deal with everything about the business by himself or herself, and most of the food
products are complete products from manufacturing plants. That is, it easily helps youths to
run their companies by themselves with less capital.
In addition, food trucks can be a stepping stone for a person who wants to expand
company. For instance, “Shake Shack Burger,” well known as a New York burger restaurant,
started from a food truck in Madison Square in New York. Now, many chain stores of “Shake
Shack Burger” have opened in several countries such as United Kingdom, Dubai, and Japan.
Recently, Korea has also touched off a boom with “Shake Shack Burger.” With these
expansions, Danny Meyer, who is the owner of “Shake Shack Burger,” is considered one of
the most successful restaurant businessmen. In Korea, there is also a successful food truck,
which is called “Pipit Burger.” Choi Yune, the CEO of “Pipit Burger,” mentioned, “Thanks to
the food truck, I could establish my own business with little capital and now I finally founded
a store located in Sindorim. I believe that without the food truck, I never would have tried to
think about set-ups.”
Food trucks combining with other types of culture
One of the reasons why food trucks are receiving attention is that they play a role in
forming a new culture. They are able to make a new format of culture by combining other
cultural elements together such as flea markets and street performances. Food trucks with
mobility provide consumers with accessibility to various food cultures, which functions as a
link to different cultures.
This blending of cultural elements can be found in various festivals and events. One of the
festivals which shows the result of the blending of cultural elements is Seoul Bamdokkaebi
Night Market. This market is a festival held by Seoul Metropolitan Government and has been
highlighted for many tourists and citizens. Oh Youra, the general manager of Dongdaemun
Design Plaza (DDP) Agency of Seoul Bamdokkaebi Night Market, said, “Seoul Bamdokkaebi
Night Market is designed to create a new kind of entertaining culture.”
Seoul Bamdokkaebi Night Market offers people entertaining places, attracting food trucks,
flea markets, and street performents. Therefore, visitors can enjoy the three elements of
culture at the same time. Rikk A, a Chinese tourist who visited Bamdokkaebi Night Market in
DDP, commented, “I really like this type of festival because I can experience Korean food and
enjoy music played by street bands simultaneously. The atmosphere is also exciting here.”
Around 113 food trucks have participated in the Night Market and they are gaining
popularity from visitors. Lim Minkyung, a visitor of the Night Market, said, “I think food trucks
are really suitable for this festival since they are equipped with modern facilities and designs
compared to the existing street vendors.”
Furthermore, food trucks in festivals and events can introduce Korean food to foreign
tourists since they have numerous kinds of food menu. Lee Chia Yen, a Malaysian tourist who
visited the Night Market showed her anticipation regarding food trucks. “I am looking
forward to a large variety of Korean food provided by food trucks. It is really nice to try many
kinds of food at the same time,” she said. Oh Youra also commented, “Seoul Bamdokkaebi
Night Market is predicted to become a new tourist attraction like night markets in Taiwan or
Thailand.”
The realistic constraints and solutions of food trucks
The main feature of food trucks is their “mobility,” and this is beneficial in that it means they
can take part in various events. However, this characteristic sometimes functions as a
restriction to the food truck industry since the laws regarding the management of food trucks
in Korea do not permit the feature of mobility.
Running food trucks is a new type of business in Korea, so the legislation that is needed for
the development of the food truck industry is not yet complete. Above all, the area where
food trucks can be run is limited. According to the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, food
trucks are approved only in 13 kinds of places such as amusement facilities, universities,
tourist attractions, sports facilities, stops on the expressway, and so on. It is usually banned to
operate the trucks in the streets that have a large floating population. This control of
operation has a negative effect on the total sales of food trucks, which blocks the vitalization
of the food truck industry. Furthermore, it can aggravate the illegal operation of food trucks.
Choi Yune, the CEO of “Pipit Burger,” pointed out, “There is a considerable gap between the
existing law regarding the food truck business and the actual situation. The places allowed to
run food trucks have a very small floating population, which is directly related to the deficit.”
After the change of regulatory forms about this industry in 2014, the government kept
trying to alleviate the laws to broaden the area where owners of food trucks can operate
their business. In July 2016, the government has permitted the management of food trucks
within the limit of places where each local government has allowed. However, substantive
changes have not been made since each local government applies the enforcement of the
related laws differently.
Food trucks are contributing to a means of starting one’s own business and creating a new
form of culture. They require a comparatively small scale of capital and provide people with
entertaining places so that someone can realize their dreams or enjoy the diversity of
cultures. The owners of food trucks assert the importance of relieving regulation and
supporting the development of the food truck industry. Choi Yune stated, “The legislation of
laws which reflects the mobility of food trucks will be helpful to bring out the best in food
trucks.”
Kim Ji-seun, You Eun-sun esyou05@dongguk.edu
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